How to Use the French Expression Être en Train de

The French expression à ªtre en train de (pronounced  eh tra(n) treh(n) deu)  means to be in the process of or to be doing. This little phrase when combined with an infinitive is the equivalent of the English  present progressive, which French lacks. Like Present Progressive Normally, one would use the simple present in French (je parle) to express both the English simple present (I speak) and the present progressive (I am speaking). When you want to insist on the ongoing, continuous nature of a current action in French, use the expression à ªtre en train de with an infinitive denoting the action. For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suis en train de parler.   I am (in the process of) speaking (right now). The French equivalent of the English past progressive (I was speaking) is the imperfect: je parlais. But if you need to stress the fact that the action was continuing, use à ªtre en train de.  For example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Jà ©tais en train dà ©crire ma thà ¨se quand le tremblement de terre a frappà ©.   I was (in the middle of) writing my thesis when the earthquake struck. Synonyms The expression  Ãƒ ªtre en cours de has a similar meaning, but it is passive and usually followed by a noun: La maison est en cours damà ©nagement the house is being renovated. While the French present participle -ant cant be used to mean that one is doing something, it is equivalent to -ing in English when used as a noun or adjective. Expressions and Use Il est en train de manger. He's eating. se voir en train de faire quelque chose to picture someone doing something surprendre quelqu'un en train de fairequelque chose to catch someone doing something se voir en train de faire quelque chose to see someone doing something Il est en train de la draguer. He's trying to pick her up. L'eau est en train de chauffer. The kettle's on. / The water's heating. en train de faire quelque chose à ªtre en train de changer à ªtre en train de faire quelquechose in the act of doing somethingto be undergoing changeto be in the middle of doing something Additional Resources   Expressions with  Ãƒ ªtreExpressions with  enExpressions with  deMost common French phrases

The Role of Banks in Economic Recessions - 1644 Words

The role of banks in economic recessions 05.05.2009 In today’s wavering global economic context, the word `crisis` is omnipresent, taking the media by assault and infringing into the population’s daily life, although many countries haven’t even officially entered recession yet. Although recession is generally referred to as a negative Gross Domestic Product growth for a period of at least two consecutive quarters, other important economic change variables, such as current national unemployment rates, consumer confidence, capacity utilization, spending levels and business profits must be taken into account when defining a recession and its attributes. Therefore, recession can be†¦show more content†¦Apparently, central bankers and financial supervisors are to blame, too. Although official reports have constantly been giving warnings about excess global liquidity, urging central bankers to worry about asset bubbles even when consumer-price inflation w as low and banking supervisors to look beyond individual firms to the soundness of the financial system as a whole, they failed to act, allowing credit-driven excesses to expand rapidly. Therefore, central bankers are accused of failing to appreciate the scale of risks being built up in the â€Å"shadow† banking system that modern finance had created and of fuelling a credit bubble by keeping money too cheap for too long. But the criticisms are most often directed at the Federal Reserve, blamed for cutting the federal funds rate, which fuelled the housing bubble and aggravated the commodity-price surge. The interest-rate cuts in late 2007 and early 2008 may have been appropriate for a weak and financially stressed American economy. But they sent the dollar tumbling and left monetary conditions far too loose in many emerging markets that chose to link their currencies to the dollar and whose economies had long been growing beyond their sustainable pace. With all these complex problems coming along with the financial crisis, it seems that the â€Å"one tool, one target† approach which central bankers used to utilize in order toShow MoreRelatedThe Transition Of Central Bank1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe last five years have been peculiar for the global economy, with recession looming around. Consequently, the role of future monetary policymakers and the interpretation of the effects of the policies have become desperately critical. In order to restore the ailing financial markets, central banks have engaged in activities aimed at reducing the interest rates to zero and expanding the balance sheets. The efforts have gone a long way toward preserving the financial markets and saving the globalRead MoreRole Of The Business Cycle Dating Committee Of The National Bureau Of Economic Research1292 Words   |  6 Pages In this paper, I will explain the roles and importance of the Business cycle Dating committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research. I will also explain how the NBER defines and dates recessions. Finally I will explain the important aspects and effects of the last recession. The Business Cycle is â€Å"†¦the ups and downs in economic activity, defined in terms of periods of expansion or recession† (Dr. Econ). Expansion is the period in which employment, production, sales and income increaseRead MoreLending And Shadow Banking1444 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrated by the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, the fourth largest investment bank in the US, and with many other financial institutions such as Merrill Lynch and the Royal Bank of Scotland having to be bailed out. 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To Kill a Mocking Bird Analysis free essay sample

In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee emphasizes the theme of inequality and prejudice through metaphors, tone and characterization. My first piece of evidence to support the theme of prejudice in the town of Maycomb is when Aunt Alexandra was talking to scout about inviting Walter Cunningham (Jr. ) over for dinner and Scout is complaining why Aunt Alexandra wont let her play with him and she says, â€Å"I’ll tell you why†¦Because—he—is—trash, that’s why you cant play with him. † This is an example of a metaphor used to describe that Walter is â€Å"Worse than them† essentially. This supports the theme of inequality by showing that Aunt Alexandra doesn’t want Scout playing with Walter because she believes they are in some sort of higher â€Å"social class†. For my second piece of evidence I have another quote from Aunt Alexandra. This time she is speaking with Atticus about getting rid of Calpurnia because she is black. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mocking Bird Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The quote reads, â€Å"You’ve got to do something about her†¦You’ve let this go on too long, too long. † Aunt Alexandra is suggesting to Atticus that they get rid of Calpurnia. She wants her gone not just because she takes the kids places but because she’s black and this shows her prejudice. This is an example of tone used by the author to make that part of the story feel darker and show how strongly prejudice Aunt Alexandra is. My final piece of evidence is a quote by Tom Robinson himself and it reads, â€Å"Yes, suh. I felt right sorry for her, she seemed to try more’n the rest of ‘em-â€Å" This is during the case when he is being questioned by Mr. Gilmer the prosecutor. This is an example of characterization used by Lee to show that Tom is just a normal caring person who was just trying to help Mayella. This is and extreme example of inequality in Maycomb because even though Tom is a nice person everyone in Maycomb treats him horribly. He is called guilty not because he actually did it but because he is black. The book To Kill a Mockingbird is not just a good book it is a lesson to show how it is wrong to be prejudice towards others. How Aunt Alexandra acted towards Walter and Calpurnia shows that the presence of inquality is big in Maycomb and it’s not going anywhere. Tom Robinson’s case was another large example of this because though it was an air tight case somehow he was found guilty. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird Lee emphasizes the theme of inequality and prejudice through metaphors, tone and characterization.

Influence of Rap free essay sample

When I was thinking about the topics given to us in class, I thought rap music would be an interesting topic to pursue. Also I wanted to have a topic that would be easy to research, and if I were to interview others, I could get a lot Of feedback. At first I wanted to talk about rap music only and how it affects teens, but during my research, I found that rap music also affects our society as well. The article Does Rap Put Teens at Risk? by Side Cheerier mostly talks about the young teen s behavior changes when they spend more time watching sex and violence in rap music videos.It also talks about black girls between the age 14 to 18 from non-urban lower socioeconomic neighborhoods who view these videos at least 14 hrs per week, they were far more likely to practice destructive behavior. As I observe todays teenagers, it is true that the first thing they will do when they get into their cars is to turn on the radio. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Rap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They flip through the channels, hoping to find that latest hit that all the stations are playing. We all know in almost any generation, the behavior and beliefs of the majority of pre-teens and teens can be differentiated with those of the popular music artists of that time.In fact, some parents would compare themselves with their children and could see a huge different especially in behavior. Rap music has not only affected young teens, but it has also affected our surrounding and our society. Gangster rap is one of the current problems of society. In the article Rap music promotes violence by Alison Langley, a South Carolina Detective Ernest Chesterton said that, A recent study of rap videos revealed 75 percent contain sexually suggestive images that demoralize women and 57 percent glorify violence. Most of the kids who listen to rap music have no lull whatsoever about what that song means. Despite its entertainment value, I think gangs rap misleads our teens by showing them that violence and aggressiveness is acceptable behavior; and unless government officials decide to make a change, gangster rap will continue to influence the behavior of young teens for the worst. Almost every teenager has that song memorized, or it could be one of their favorite songs. I really think that parents should really get involved with the music their children listen and to make sure that whatever kids are doing is appropriate.It is parents duty to now what their children doing they are the one who can tell their kids why not to listen to some particular music and how it is not worth listen to. Parents are becoming concerned about the potentially misleading content of violent themes and lyrics in gangster rap. This brings me to the next discussion on language and lyrics that these artist use in th eir songs. Throughout the past years, rap and all other types of music, artist use their music to express their views, opinions and feelings in their songs.From their lyrics, teens will have a little understanding towards hat the artists see and feel about the society. As rap music developed and more artists started bringing their own styles to the rap community, more messages are expressed to the public. Rap artists in their first couple albums told the story of their lives and how hard it was for them before the fame and glory they live today. I think some people can thrive on that, and, in turn, it will motivate them to do something for the greater good because they can relate to the experiences and the hard times rap artists have gone through.But now most of the songs include violence, sex and words that are not advisable for teens who are listing. For example, the article, Your children are rap victims by James Delivering mostly talks about Amine who is the biggest rap star ever. Delivering points out that how Amine in his Kill You song suggests to the young teens that are his fans about taking drugs, raping sluts, taking weed and pills, killing people and dropping out of school.One reason why rap impacts kids so much is that some rappers rap about sex and drugs in almost every song or lyrics or albums, and kids or young teens who look up to these rappers, think if its okay for those famous people to do it, hen the teens can start to use illegal things and to go against the law. But do those famous artists care about these young minds? I dont think so. All they care about is their fame, career and money. Its their job. Its their living. Thats how they survive. After discussion about this topic, musicians and the music producers seem to blame each other for the cursing and abusive lyrics contained in their music. Dont believe that most of the young teens look up to these rappers, which bring me to the most important topic rappers as role models. Today in society it seems that one can tell a persons taste in music y the way that person dresses or acts. Every time see a person with baggy pants, diamond jewelry, with cap on or huge t-shirts, I think that this person is really influenced by rap music. We see people express themselves the way artist or rappers are expressing themselves.Some kids, who like rap music talk like rappers, dress like rappers, almost does everything like rappers. In article Rap music promotes violence, Chesterton says, In the sass and ass, Ice- T was responsible for a slew of armed robberies at jewelry stores in California. He was also an entrepreneur of pharmaceutical sales. He was a rug dealer. Rappers like Ice-T set an example for our children to go and steel and sell drugs. I dont understand why rappers cant rap about how to get SUCCeSS in life, how to achieve goals and encourage kids to Stay in school instead of dropping out of school.I think teens should listen to Will Smiths songs; his songs are mostly about love, progress and encouragement. He has shown himself to be one of the few true role models for the youth that buy rap music. Although all rap music is not the same and although there exists rap music with a consciousness, the effects of rap music on the development of hillier and society does seem to affect the behavior of children exposed to the lyrics glorifying the use of drugs, alcohol, violence, disrespect for authority and other negative influences and factors. Influence of Rap free essay sample Music Today, Rap has become the most popular type of music In the US. Many people listen to music while they drive their cars, are at work, do housework, and study, etc. Music as we know it today is the voice of a generation. It gives us entertainment, and speaks out for a community of people in many ways. Most people listen to at least some sort of music, and serve a purpose. Just about any expression can be shared through music. Rap is one type of fastest growing music in the United States. Rap music comes from the streets using street slang Incorporated In the music.When I was thinking about the topics given to us In class, I thought rap music would be an interesting topic to pursue. Also I wanted to have a topic that would be easy to research, and If I were to interview others, I could get a lot of feedback. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Rap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At first I wanted to talk about rap music only and how it affects teens, but during my research, I found that rap music also affects our society as well. The article Does Rap Put Teens at Risk? by Side Crotchetier mostly talks about the young tens behavior changes when they spend more time watching sex and violence In rap music videos.It also talks about black girls between the age 14 to 18 from non-urban lower socioeconomic neighborhoods who view these videos at least 14 hrs per week, they were far more likely to practice destructive behavior. As I observe todays teenagers, it is true that the first thing they will do when they get into their cars is to turn on the radio. They flip through the channels, hoping to find that latest hit that all the stations are playing. We all know In almost any generation, the behavior and beliefs of the majority of pre-teens and teens can be differentiated with those of the popular sic artists of that time.In fact, some parents would compare themselves with their children and could see a huge different especially in behavior. Rap music has not only affected young teens, but it has also affected our surrounding and our society. Gangster rap is one of the current problems of society. In the article Rap music promotes violence by Alison Langley, a South Carolina Detective Ernest Chesterton said that, A recent study of rap videos revealed 75 percent contain sexually suggestive Images that demoralize women and 57 percent glorify violence. Most of he kids who listen to rap music have no clue whatsoever about what that song means. Despite its entertainment value, I think gangs rap misleads our teens by showing them that violence and aggressiveness is acceptable behavior; and unless government officials decide to make a change, gangster rap will continue to influence the behavior of young teens for the worst. Almost every teenager has that song memorized, or It could be one of their favorite songs. I really think that parents should really get involved with the music their children listen and to make sure that whatever kids are doing is appropriate.It is parents duty to know what their children doing they are the one who can tell their kids why not to listen to some particular music and how it is not worth listen to. Parents are becoming concerned about the potentially misleading content of violent themes and lyrics in gangster rap. This brings me to the next discussion on language and lyrics that these artist use their music to express their views, opinions and feelings in their songs. From their lyrics, teens will have a little understanding towards what the artists see and feel bout the society.As rap music developed and more artists started bringing their own styles to the rap community, more messages are expressed to the public. Rap artists in their first couple albums told the story of their lives and how hard it was for them before the fame and glory they live today. I think some people can thrive on that, and, in turn, it will motivate them to do something for the greater good because they can relate to the experiences and the hard times rap artists have gone through. But now most of the songs include violence, sex and words that are not advisable for mens who are listing. For example, the article, Your children are rap victims by James Deludingly mostly talks about Mine who is the biggest rap star ever. Deludingly points out that how Mine in his Kill You song suggests to the young teens that are his fans about taking drugs, raping sluts, taking weed and pills, killing people and dropping out of school. One reason why rap impacts kids so much is that some rappers rap about sex and drugs in almost every song or lyrics or albums, and kids or young teens who look up to these rappers, think if its okay for those famous people to do it, then the teens can start to use illegal things and to go against the law.But do those famous artists care about these young minds? I dont think so. All they care about is their fame, career and money. Its their Job. Its their living. Thats how they survive. After discussion about this topic, musicians and the music producers seem to blame each other for the cursing and abusive lyrics contained in their music. I dont believe that most of the young teens look up to these rappers, which bring me to the most important topic rappers as role models. Today in society t seems that one can tell a persons taste in music by the way that person dresses or acts.Every time I see a person with baggy pants, diamond Jewelry, with cap on or huge t-shirts, I think that this person is really influenced by rap music. We see people express themselves the way artist or rappers are expressing themselves. Some kids, who like rap music talk like rappers, dress like rappers, almost does everything like rappers. In article Rap music promotes violence, Chesterton says, In the sass and ass, Ice- T was responsible for a slew of armed robberies at Jewelry stores in California.He was also an entrepreneur of pharmaceutical sales. He was a drug dealer. Rappers like Ice-T set an example for our children to go and steel and sell drugs. I dont understand why rappers cant rap about how to get success in life, how to achieve goals and encourage kids to stay in school instead of dropping out of school. I think teens should listen to Will Smiths songs; his songs are mostly about love, progress and encouragement. He has shown himself to be one of the few true role models for the youth that buy rap music.

Palace Bar Essay Example

Palace Bar Essay Example Palace Bar Essay Palace Bar Essay After being with Gerald for about half a year, Daisy went to the seaside for several months, to try and make it last longer (Inspector, quoting from her diary). When her money ran out though, she had no choice but to return to the Palace Bar again, for there was no other way for her to gain money. One night she met Eric, a seemingly friendly young man who ended up getting very drunk and forcing her to sleep with him. Eric admits: she told me she didnt want me to go in but that well, I was in that state when a chap easily turns nasty and I threatened to make a row. Daisy was helpless, she was faced by a drunk, violent young man, and she was powerless to stop him. The only way that she could save herself was to go along with him, and let him take advantage of her vulnerable position. Then when she saw him again, he was in a normal state, and he was just like any other customer, she had to sleep with people to gain money, and to survive. With little or no contraception in these times, she became pregnant. When she told him, Eric insisted on giving her enough money to keep her going, again, the money is pressed upon Daisy, she doesnt take it, or ask for it, she is persuaded to take it. Then when she discovered that Eric was giving her stolen money she wouldnt take any more, and she didnt want to see me [Eric] again. This shows incredible honesty and caring for Eric, that even pregnant, with no money, she wouldnt take stolen money because she knew it was wrong, and also because she didnt want to get Eric into trouble. Then again, you could say that she only turned the money down because she didnt want to get herself into trouble, she didnt do it because of Eric at all. Also Eva shouldnt have gone to the Palace Bar in the first place, it was her fault that she got pregnant because she put herself at risk of men like Eric. It was her own fault that she let Eric take advantage of her, she shouldnt have let him take her home in the first place, she should have realised he was drunk and stayed in the Bar when he left. Also why didnt she try for a job instead of resorting to the Palace Bar. Eric says: she didnt feel like trying again for another job, but that is lazy of her, and she should have at least looked for one. The last straw for Daisy was being turned down by charity. With no money or job and a baby on the way she made a last attempt by applying to the Bromley Womans Committee for money. She said that she was called Mrs Birling, which is nearly true, because she was pregnant with Erics baby, but very unfortunately for her, Mrs Birling was interviewing her, and as Mrs Birling thought that Daisy was trying to be rude, she was immediately prejudiced against her case. From then on, Daisy had no chance, and when she said truthfully that she didnt want to take stolen money from Eric (she never revealed Erics true identity though) Mrs Birling assumed that a girl in Daisys position would not have such scruples as that, and thought that Daisy was lying. Mrs Birling never took Daisy seriously, she just saw her as a lying prostitute who didnt deserve the charitys money because it was meant to be given only to needy cases, when she should have realised that Daisy was as needy a cause as any. When Mrs Birling refused to give Daisy any money, it was too much for her, and she committed suicide. However, you could think that it was all Daisys fault that she was pregnant in the first place, because she was the one who went to the Palace Bar, she brought it all upon herself; therefore she deserved to be turned down by charity, there were more needy cases apart from Daisy. Also it was dishonest of her to make up a story in the first place. She pretended that her husband had left her, which was an outright lie, because she had never had a husband, only a man who she slept with several times, and also she was the one who told Eric to stop giving her money, she stood back from Erics advances, and she said that it was a bad idea that they were ma rried. She had been turned out and turned down too many times, this was the end. (Inspector) Daisy eventually committed suicide because there was nothing left for her, and she knew she wouldnt be able to give her child any future worth living for. Her illegitimate baby would be used and ill-treated just as Daisy had been, so Daisy knew there was no point in giving birth to the poor thing, so I dont think she was responsible for the death of her unborn baby, I think it was the fault of the people who misused her, such as the Birlings, and Gerald. They were all important factors in the eventual death of Eva (Daisy) Smith. It wasnt Daisys fault that she committed suicide, there was just nothing left for her. She had nowhere to live, no money, no  friends, and she had just been turned down by charity, so she gave up.

Final U in English Words

Final U in English Words Final U in English Words Final U in English Words By Maeve Maddox The aphorism â€Å"English words don’t end in u,† is frequently invoked by spelling teachers as an aid in spelling such common words as, blue, clue, cue, due, flue, glue, hue, and true. The silent final e also rescues the following words from the onus of ending in u: construe, continue, ensue, imbue, and issue. The only two native English words that end in u are the pronouns thou and you, but they probably shouldn’t count because they really end in ou. There remain 50 or so â€Å"English† words that do end in u. I put English in quotation marks because most of these u-words obviously came undigested from some other language, most from French. I’ve arranged them in three groups. I won’t provide definitions for the first group because they are fairly common. 1. U-words you may have come across, depending on your age and reading habits bayou beau bureau caribou chapeau chateau froufrou gnu guru haiku impromptu jujitsu kudzu lieu lulu manitou menu milieu muumuu nouveau parvenu plateau portmanteau sou tableau tiramisu tofu trousseau tutu 2. U-words with special applications acajou: A tree related to the cashew. bateau: a flat-bottomed boat used in the bayous. bijou This French word for â€Å"jewel† was popular as a name for movie theaters. eau:This French word for â€Å"water† appears on bottles of eau-de-cologne. ecru: the color of unbleached linen. Jehu: a fast driver. In some old novels it’s used as a generic name for a coachman. The reference is to Kings 9:20: â€Å"And the watchman told, saying, He came even unto them, and cometh not again: and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi; for he driveth furiously.† kinkajou: a fruit-eating quadruped of Central and South America, allied to the raccoon. landau: A four-wheeled carriage, the top of which, being made in two parts, may be closed or thrown open. Aficionados of period novels will be familiar with this word. ormolu: gilded bronze or a gold-colored alloy of copper, zinc, and tin used to decorate furniture, make ornaments, etc. pilau: a dish, partly of Middle Eastern, partly and ultimately of South Asian origin. poilu: a soldier in the French army, especially one who fought in World War I. rondeau: a short poem of medieval French origin. rouleau: A length or tube of rolled fabric used as a trimming on a garment. sadhu: In India: a holy man, a sage. I may have learned this one by reading Kim. tonneau: The rounded rear body of a motor-car (originally with the door at the back); the rear part of a car with front and rear compartments or of an open car. vermoulu: worm-eaten. 3. U-words that are clippings or slang flu: from influenza snafu: I’ll let you look this one up. thru: an alternative spelling of through that may or may not become standard some day. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcBest Websites to Learn EnglishIs Your Novel "Mystery," "Thriller," or "Suspense"?

A Synthesis of the Themes in Selected Poems about War Essay - 2

A Synthesis of the Themes in Selected Poems about War - Essay Example Richard Lovelace’s ‘To Lucasta, Going to the Wars’ is addressed to a soldier’s sweetheart at the point of his leaving for war, who he tries to convince of the importance of going to war. The soldier first admits that the war may be compared to having another ‘mistress’, as he will now be chasing the ‘foe’ with more ardor and embracing his weapons and horse with a ‘stronger faith’ than he has chased or embraced his lover but then goes on to justify this comparison. The narrator then says that the only reason he is capable of loving her so much is because he loves honor more. This love of honor is proved by his taking to war so eagerly. In the poem, the act of love and act of war are compared and war is considered a nobler activity. The poem goes so far as to assert that not only is war a greater love, it is the only reason that men are capable of loving women – they are both quests to prove their honor. This view of bringing up the question of honor in war and placing it over other lesser concerns like romantic love appears in this poem of the 17th century. England, at the time, was known for valorizing bravery and war and espousing values of strong patriotic feeling among its citizens. This trend of thought is again reflected in English poetry in a poem like Alfred Tennyson’s ‘Charge of the Light Brigade’, which was written in 1854. Nearly two hundred years after the appearance of Richard Lovelace’s poem. Tennyson’s famous poem also speaks of the ‘noble six hundred’ who were part of the Light Brigade that fought for England against Russian troops in the Crimean War. Most of the poem is a fervent exhortation to the cavalry but there is already a note of recognizing the futility of war. As Tennyson writes: ‘Not tho' the soldier knew / Someone had blunder’d’; the soldiers are themselves unaware of why they are to fight the war that they are being sent to fight and this is a crucial idea that changes the perception of war from something seen as honorable and brave to something that is later conceived as foolish, wasteful and cruelly absurd. Wilfred Owen was among the first poets to most poignantly write about the horrors of war. His poem ‘Futility’ reveals a pained voice that is bewildered by the continuance of something as dreadful as the war. ‘Was it for this the clay grew tall?’ the speaker asks, as he describes the death of a young soldier from France. Already the style has changed from being one of fervent exhortation and pride to one of tragic loss and dismay. There is no encouragement to the troops or mention of ‘honor’ or even praises for the sacrifices made during the war. The poem instead humanizes the soldiers who are compelled to lose their lives in pointless wars that they have not been responsible for starting. Owen’s other poem ‘Dulce et D ecorum est’ takes head on the older perceptions on war and debunks them. The title of his poem and the final line challenges Horace’s quote ‘Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori’, which roughly means that it is good to die for one’s country, and calls it an ‘old lie’. The language of this poem is harsh and unforgiving, describing the soldiers as ‘beggars’ and ‘hags’, who ‘all went lame, all blind’. The physical torture that the soldiers undergo at the front is described in all its horror, and there is no idealistic ‘

Alcoholics Anonymous Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alcoholics Anonymous - Assignment Example Focus is given to the purpose, leadership, membership, decision making process and the general functioning of the group. The main reason for formation of Alcoholics Anonymous group was to rescue members from abuse of alcohol and similar substances (Mckellar, Stewart & Humphreys, 2003). Although the group was started in Ohio in 1935, it has grown to all other US states and beyond (Mckellar et al., 2003). As the name suggests, one of the principles of AA is that its membership should always remain a secret (Mckellar et al., 2003). Apparently, the main purpose of this principle is to shield members from public ridicule that can easily compromise rehabilitation process. The AA has been very effective in helping people abandon alcoholism (Moos & Moos, 2006). According to Moos and Moos (2006), the group does not use scientific therapies but rather members come together to help each other deal with the problem of alcohol and drug abuse. In this regard, new entrants are linked to already rec overed members for assistance. As noted by Moos and Moos (2006), in addition to helping members to quit unhealthy drinking habits, AA also creates conducive environment to enable them cope with their new life. Some psychologists have suggested that AA can become more effective if scientific medication is incorporated in the group’s traditional methods of fighting alcoholism (Moos & Moos, 2006). The functioning of AA group is based on a program of twelve steps that start with entry of addicts and end with exit of fully recovered individuals who are ready to assist other alcoholics (Sharma & Branscum, 2010). According to Sharma & Branscum (2010), there are twelve traditions used as the constitution of the group. The traditions guide members on how to relate with each another. Some of the most embraced values include group unity, fear of God and self-support (Sharma & Branscum, 2010). Since the group is open to any person willing to fight addiction, there is no minimum or maximu m membership requirement (Sharma & Branscum, 2010). The meeting attended by the author was held on Saturday evening in a four walled room. The timing of the meeting was designed to avoid inconveniencing members as most people are free during Saturday evenings (Harrison, Price, Gavin & Florey, 2002). In addition, Harrison et al. noted that meeting at the time when most people are free ensures that members are occupied and won’t find time to engage in unhealthy drinking (2002). The seating arrangement was similar to a learning classroom where learners sit in rows facing one side. Unlike most meetings where group officials sit in front, there appeared to be no distinction between leaders and other members in the AA meeting. This arrangement was designed to discourage any feeling of authority by perceived leaders. It is believed that a sense of equality among members encourages free flow of information within the group. In this regard, the group did not have official leaders. Whe never there is a meeting, any member can volunteer to lead the group through the process (Moos & Moos, 2006). As Moos and Moos notes, the volunteer is only a coordinator rather than a leader (2006). Decisions are made through deliberations of the entire group. However, decisions that only affect certain individuals are made by such individuals but other

Kill the creature Essay Example for Free

Kill the creature Essay The last chapter in the book is very moving. Victor begins his pursuit of the creature, and he is eventually marooned on an ice-craft, and he finally sees Waltons ship. He asks Walton to swear that, if he should die, Walton should, if the opportunity presented itself, kill the creature.  Victor dies whilst persuading Walton to take on his quest. Later, Walton finds the creature lying over Frankensteins body; the creature is full of grief, horror and self-reproach. The creature responds to Walton with an explanation of the anguish that he has endured, That is also my victim! In his murder my crimes are consummated: the miserable series of my being is wound to its close! Oh, Frankenstein! Generous and self-devoted being! What does it avail that I now ask thee to pardon me? I, who irretrievably destroyed all thou lovedst. Alas! He is cold, he cannot answer me.  Rather strangely, considering what Victor had done to the creature, the creature still admires and esteems his creator. The creature shows great remorse for what he has done. This attitude from the creature seems to echo that of Waltons. The creatures speech emphasises that his monstrousness is no different from that of society. The way that the creature planned his death in the blazing fire in the ice, is a parody of Waltons dream of finding a tropical paradise at the pole, and also reflects Victors attempt to animate a cold corpse with the fire of life. Shelly is showing the reader that such dreams will only end with destruction. Shellys novel creates great problems with the notions of monstrosity and humanity. If the creatures appearance is a visible warning, it is a warning of Victors personality, as it was he who decided on the appearance. Although the creatures exterior may be horrific, he is, at least initially, certainly not frighteningly unnatural; he is far more natural and humane then the father who has rejected him, the villagers who stone him, the ungrateful father who shoots him. The creature only resulted to monstrous action when he himself was a subject to them. It was only when he was exposed the viciousness of human society that he himself began to demonstrate violent behaviour. The creature was not born evil. It was his surroundings that leaded him to do what he did. This links in with the theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau, who said that if a child was born and left in the countryside, with no interference from man, he would have no evil inside him. One of the themes that Shelley uses in this novel is that of the double, which is a frequent motif used in the Gothic genre. When Victor refers to the creature as my own spirit let loose from the grave forced to destroy all that was dear to me Victor provides a very clear expression of the notion that he and the creature are doubles, with the monster acting out Victors own aggressions.  The creature has a monstrous appearance, however he on the inside he is clearly humane. He doesnt start to become evil until he is rejected by society, and isolated from the world. His actions of violence are simply retaliations to his rejection. The fact that he is mistreated, stoned, rejected and shot by the humans actually portrays the human society to be monstrous. Walton, who is very similar to Victor, in his desire for knowledge, does have monstrous qualities. However, he is saved from falling into the trap of becoming a monster. He is saved because the influence of his crew, that provide him with a sense of realism. Also his meeting with Victor prevented him from becoming monstrous, as he was shown what he may have become.  In my opinion Victor is the real monster in this novel. He creates nearly all the suffering and misery in the story. He creates the creature which suffers because of disfigurement; he makes his family suffer misery when he doesnt acknowledge their constant support and love for him and most of all, he makes himself suffer huge amounts through his own unplanned and unthought-of actions. Also, by usurping the role of God, he is performing the biggest sin: trying to play God. By creating life himself without a woman is against the rules of nature, this can easily be seen as a monstrous act. This could have only brought pain, misery and destruction for everyone, yet Victor was blind to these possibilities. Victor has all his loved ones taken away from him because of his own actions, simply because he failed to father his own creation. Frankenstein had an overwhelming desire to be recognized as a medical genius. This desire to satisfy his own ego grew into something that made him a monster.

As I Lay Dying :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi where he became a high school drop out and was forced to work with grandfather at a bank. In 1925 Faulkner moved to New Orleans and worked as a journalist, here he met the American Sherwood Andersen, a famous short-story writer. Anderson convinced Faulkner that writing about the people and places he could identify with would improve his career as a writer. After a trip to Europe, Faulkner began to write of the fictitious Yoknapatawpha County, which was representative of Lafayette County, Mississippi. Often in this series of novels one could read of characters who were based on Faulkner’s ancestors, African Americans, Native Americans, hermits, and poor whites. At some point in this period of writing, around 1930, William Faulkner wrote the novel As I Lay Dying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this book, and others of this series, it was commonplace to find sentences that stretched on for a page in order to create mood, multiple narrators, or short stories complicated with a stream-of-consciousness blather that was hard to understand. Therefore, readers had difficulty following these novels, and Faulkner’s popularity soon dwindled, that is until Malcolm Cowley wrote The Portable Faulkner, which contained excerpts from the Yoknapatawpha series, and made Faulkner’s genius evident to his readers. Shortly thereafter, many of Faulkner’s works were reissued and he became a literary giant, and was even awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1949. Until death, Faulkner continued to create works of literature, including both short stories and novels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Bundren family has recently suffered the loss of their most beloved mother, Addie. When Addie was young and fresh out of labor with her second of five children, she made her husband promise that when she died he would burry her in Jefferson, the town where Addie’s family lived. Generally Jefferson was a one or two day trip, but when a rain spell floods the river and destroys both bridges and washes out the direct road to Jefferson, Anse, Addie’s husband has to ford the river and take a much longer route to get to Jefferson. While crossing the river, a large log flowing downstream starts a chain reaction that results in a badly battered wagon, the death of a team of mules, a broken leg for the oldest of the five children, and a one-day delay in the journey. Many other troubles follow this family and the short trip to bury their mother becomes a nine-day journey with a dead body that is beginning to rot in the back of the wagon.

Faust- Romantic Hero Essay

In the intellectual history of Europe, Johann Wolfgang yon Goethe is central to the development of Romantic thinking, which was contemporary in his day. Goethe attempted to see the world in a new light; he reconsiders old questions of good and evil, as well as questions about human nature. The story of Faust allows such considerations. Romantics strive for something beyond their reach, beyond anyone’s reach. Contentment is not their goal. One place that we see Faust’s striving is in his conversation on â€Å"unrest† with Wagner (699-702). Just as Wagner illustrates the normal academic who thinks that books hold all the answers he needs, Faust as a Romantic has come both to realize the limitations of what’s in books and to be unwilling to accept those limitations. Wagner thinks Faust should enjoy the reputation he has as a doctor among the peasants, but Faust knows the reputation is a sham. He and his father were in truth helpless against the ravages of the plague (although they obviously at least comforted the sick). Faust’s aspirations permit him to make a bargain with Mephistopheles, especially since a part of the bet involves Mephistopheles’ belief that Faust will eventually enjoy contentment. Rather than seeking knowledge, which had been a goal of the Faust of German and English tradition, Goethe’s Faust seeks experience and feeling. This also makes his quest apart of the Romantic tradition. The Romantic hero must approach life’s mysteries by active participation, not by reflection. When Faust and Mephistopheles see the witch for her medicine, what Faust wants is youth, so that he can experience what he may have missed while he was absorbed in his studies. And what he comes to want then is Margaret, the peasant maid who looks like a beauty to the revitalized man. The Romantic has spiritual goals, but they’re usually outside of conventional religions. We see this most directly in the scene between Gretchen and Faust. She wants him to be a Christian, but Faust’s spirituality cannot be contained by dogma. To follow this Romantic thread, think of Christianity as a revealed religion, embraced by the European and German society of the time. It made many late eighteenths and early nineteenth century people feel safe and secure. You can see how this picture of comfort might fall outside of the Romantic’s striving, since he seeks a mystery beyond the conventional. The Romantic hero must be willing to break free of bounds, no matter the consequences. Another key romantic characteristic is a faith in nature as a creative source, as both a source of comfort and energy. Faust expresses his enthusiasm early when he contrasts the value of experiencing nature with the deadness of books (685). What impresses him about Easter is the revitalizing force of spring rather than the story of Jesus (695-6). It is the exalted spirit of nature that he credits with allowing him to penetrate Gretchens heart, and that he credits with giving him the companion Mephistopheles 747-48 -48). Conclusion Besides a faith in nature, romantics idealize childhood and women, seeing in them a purity and honesty of emotions that are difficult to attain in the intellectual and adult worlds. This romanticism can be seen in Goethe’s plotting, as he has the church bell remind Faust of his childhood so that the character does not commit suicide early in the play. Also, the love affair with Gretchen leads to the drama’s climax. References Faust Supplemented Study Guide: Retrieved from World Wide Web http://faculty. southwest. tn. edu/llipinski/ENGL2320T201/content/lesson18_handout. htm Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Faust, Publisher, Oxford University Press, 1998.

Unethical Issues of Apple Iphone

Important Note: This sample essay mainly illustrates the structure of your assignment on ethical issues of a company selected by you. You may first identify two or three ethical problems and then discuss how to solve them. Remember including relevant citations to support your evidences and viewpoints. Ethical issues in iPhone 1. Introduction . With an elegant combination of a mobile phone, iPod and personal digital assistant (PDA), iPhone was launched at Apple and AT&T stores across the US on June 29, 2007(Place, 2007). iPhone is by no means a prodigious success by selling one million iPhones within 3 months (Wolverton, 2007).However, what coupled with its splendid success are numerous criticisms from the general society. This paper firstly examines two of the most severely unethical issues in iPhone’s marketing activities, and then provides some possible suggestions to these problems. Finally a brief conclusion will be drawn. 2. iPhone’s Unethical Marketing Activities . Deceptive Advertising Practices On July 26, 2007, a class-action lawsuit was filed against Apple and iPhone carrier AT&T for deceptive advertising over the iPhone battery (Lane, 2008).According to the lawsuit, apple engaged in â€Å"purposeful and fraudulent concealment† of the fact that iPhone purchasers were required to pay $89. 95 to get the device's battery replaced, which means the replacement fee would become an annual charge based on the expected life of battery – 300 to 400 charge cycles. According to Lane (2008), Apple faces criticism because it did not disclose the actual cost and inconvenience of replacing the battery until three days after the iPhone's release. Also the battery information was difficult to find on Apple’s website.In sum, the fact that Apple did not immediately communicate the exact cost of replacing the battery, along with the fact that the iPhone battery was not replaceable by users, had generated an outrage among iPhone users. 1 Environmental Problems Back in May, 2007, Apple head Steve Jobs pledged that his company would become greener and that it would out-pace the competition when it came to removing toxic chemicals from the production of its devices (Stevens, 2007). This was largely seen as a response to a Greenpeace-led campaign.Now, Greenpeace was at it again, calling Apple out for taking a step backwards when it came to the toxic chemicals found in the iPhone (Riley, 2007). These chemicals also included Bromine, which had been banned in European toys thanks to its apparent impact on hormone levels in children. Greenpeace claimed that Apple was far from leading the way for a green electronics compared with its competitors, like Nokia, who hasd already sold phones free of Polyvinyl chloride (Stevens, 2007). Based on these findings it was hard to doubt that Apple took a step back from its green initiative to get the iPhone out the door.However, it was questioned whether the company would respond to this Greenpeace challenge like it did the last. 3. Suggestions . Deceptive Advertising Practices Although deceptive practices may benefit more profit in the short run, such practices will eventually harm their business in the long run. If consumers do not get what they expect, they will switch to more reliable products. This can also cause a backlash, if corporations are more focused on profits than customer service, particularly for a company such as Apple, which claims a long-term relationship with customers.Therefore, Apple Inc. should do its possible endeavor to avoid deceptive practices in the future and implement some initiatives to minimize trouble and inconvenience made to consumers, such as giving a discount to the first batch of iPhone purchasers to replace their batteries. Environmental Problems Nowadays, more and more companies are adopting policies of environmental sustainability, which is a management approach that involves developing strategies that both sustain the envir onment and produce profits for the company (Armstrong, 2008; Kotler, 2008). Apple Inc. as a leading corporation in the field of electronic products, should also initiate the environmental sustainability policies. Regarding the environmental problems involved in iPhone, Apple should respond to this Greenpeace challenge to solve the problem as soon as 2 possible and in the future Apple should try best to act as a leading giant for a green electronics. 4. Conclusion . This report investigates two of the major problems concerning the ethicality of marketing activities of iPhone including 1) deceptive advertising practices and 2) environmental problems.It can be concluded that despite the worldwide popularity, iPhone still faces some ethical problems. Suggestions to improve the image of iPhone by enhancing its ethical issues have also been discussed in this paper. They include: 1) avoiding deceptive practices in the future, 2) taking initiatives to minimize the troubles caused, 3) respon ding to the Greenpeace challenge and 4) maintaining the policies of environmental sustainability. In this way, iPhone could probably both enjoy the success in selling and maintain an ethical image.Reference: Kotler, P. (2008). Principles of Marketing. Pearson Education. Lane, F. (2008). Court Pulls Plug on Apple iPhone Battery Lawsuit. Sci-Tech Today. Retrieved September 26, 2008, from http://www. sci-tech-today. com/story. xhtml? story_id=62144 Place, N. (2007). ‘Mac-tastic' arrival: iPhone goes on sale today at 6 p. m. The News Herald, Panama City, Fla. Retrieved June 29, 2007, from http://www. newsherald. com. Riley, D. (2007). Greenpeace: iPhone Not Good for the Environment.TechCrunch. Retrieved October 14, 2007, from http://www. techcrunch. com/2007/10/14/greenpeace-iphone-not-good-for-the-environment/ Stevens, T. (2007). iPhone Bad For Environment, Says Greenpeace. Switched. Retrieved October 15, 2007, from http://www. switched. com/2007/10/15/iphone-bad-for-environment- says-greenpeace/ Wolverton, T. (2007). Apple sells 1 millionth iPhone. San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved September 11, 2007, from http://www. mercurynews. com.

58 Essays - Cognitive Science, Academic Disciplines, Articles

58 Essays - Cognitive Science, Academic Disciplines, Articles A Haunted House: Treasures of Life A Haunted House: Treasures of Life The short story "A Haunted House" is story with meaning, by portraying to us the treasure of life. When two ghosts are searching through their old house, looking for their "Treasure", the treasure or meaning is revealed to us. The joy and love shared between two people is the treasure, the treasure of life. By using irony and stream of consciousness Virginia Woolf is able to reveal the meaning of the story. Virginia Woolf uses a style called the "Stream of Consciousness", revealing the lives of her characters by revealing their thoughts and associations. We learn about the ghosts past by seeing what they thoughts and associated with there pasts. For example when they were discussing death she put " "Here we slept," she said. And he adds, "Kisses without number." "Waking in the morning_" "Silver between the trees." "Upstairs-" "In the garden-" "When summer came-" "In the winter snowtime-" "( A Haunted House Pg. 321). This quote shows us what places and actions the ghosts associate with there joy and love. Using stream of consciousness gives us a better feeling of what the characters are going through, which in turn gives us a better understanding of the meaning. We also see the use of irony, using a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal or normal meaning. The irony is that the story is titled "A Haunted House" which made us think that the house was an evil place. The house ends up being where every thing good happens. The ghosts did not haunt the people , instead they make them realize the treasure they have. By seeing how much the ghosts valued finding their treasure it makes the people take a harder look at what their treasure is, the love and joy they share. It is very evident when she says " Now they found it, one would be certain, stopping the pencil on the margin. And then, tired of reading, one might rise and see for one self"(A Haunted House Pg. 321). The irony draws use in by making us think that we are about read a trivial ghost story, but instead, gives us a deeper and more meaningful interpretation of ones life. By Virginia Woolf's use of, streaming consciousness and irony she is rather dramatically able to portray her thoughts on the meaning of "A Haunted House". That the joy and love shared between two people is the treasure of life. English

Blue Borax Jewels

Blue Borax Jewels Borax beads are used to identify certain metals using the bead test. Make blue borax beads that resemble small jewels. Keep the jewels or use them to examine the characteristic blue color produced by cobalt. Borax Bead Materials boraxcobalt chloridewire loopcandle, gas burner, or alcohol lamp Procedure Gently tap the wire loop against a surface to make certain it is clean of any residue. Heat the loop in a flame to burn off any contaminants.Dip the hot wire loop in a small amount of borax. The heat of the loop should melt enough borax on contact to allow you to form a small borax bead. Heat the loop with borax in the flame until a white glassy bead forms. Remove the loop from the flame. Tap the loop against a surface to dislodge the borax bead. This is a white bead of pure borax, which you can now compare with the blue bead youre about to make.Making a blue bead, or a bead from any metal salt, follows much the same process, except you need to incorporate the metal into the bead. To make a blue bead, mix a small amount of cobalt chloride into a bit of borax. You may need to crush the cobalt chloride to grind it. You can use the back of a teaspoon to achieve this.Once the cobalt chloride and borax are mixed together, heat the clean wire loop and press the hot loop into the mixture. R eturn the coated loop to the flame to produce a blue bead. Tap the loop against a surface to free your bead so you can examine it. If you hold the bead up to the light, you should see a lovely translucent blue. If your bead is black, you used too much cobalt chloride. You can repeat the process using more borax/less cobalt chloride. The blue color is characteristic of the metal ion used to produce the bead, which was cobalt. More Colored Jewels Try using other metal salts to produce colored beads: copper sulfate - copper - blue greenferric ammonium sulfate - iron - yellow or golden brownmanganese salts - violetnickel salts - brownchromium salts - light green Learn More Bead Test to Identify Metals

The Beach Boys Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Beach Boys - Research Paper Example Beach Boys’ musical styles and line-ups were and continue to be outstanding among rock artists (Golden & Seldis 84). This follows the fact that amid the numerous challenges that the band faced, its members continued and continues to collaborate and push its interests forward. As a result, their unity and spirit to develop one another has become one of the most significant accolades of the band. Working with various stakeholders in the United States music industry, the band created a rich ground for its exposure and success. A number of the band’s members have died; like Carl and Dennis, Brian suffered immense hardships relating to mental illness, drug and substance abuse, and anxiety attack, and various members of the band went through variant personal difficulties (Badman 199). Despite these challenges, the band remains operational and influential to date. The Beach Boys inspired many rock bands that came after it, and it developed personal and band careers for its members and the people who worked with

Speaking evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Speaking evaluation - Essay Example She does this by bringing in their life experiences, and effectively and clearly previews the major points within the introduction and transitions between them in a comprehendible format. Additionally, she re-states the thesis statement often and gives reasons as to why his husband should be re-elected and clearly reviews the major points in their concluding section, which brings the entire theme equally clear and presentable. The major points to address are presented discretely as she goes on with her speech, and she also explains on how her points build on the main thesis. Sufficient evidence is used to support the main thesis, and this helps her to draw a good and reasonable argument. In regards to the audience, she engages and inculcates good attention with the audience and delivers with a moderate pace that contributes to the meaning of the speech. Moreover, she applies gestures and speaks confidently with a commendable projection, and this shows that she delivers in a way that builds the clarity of the entire speech session. With regard to the content of the speech, Michelle offers clear and sufficient points to support her arguments. She presents a good structuring of her speech and delivers an excellent oral rendition to the audience. More so, she recorded an exemplary, excellent conversational rendition and it can be said that she successfully delivered the message in her speech. She is audible and emphasizes on her main points and this speech can be rated as

Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Describing a Poem Assignment

Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Describing a Poem - Assignment Example Besides, the speaker intelligently creates a figurative approach using the shoe as an explanation of the restriction of her freedom. According to the speaker, shoes limits feet movement inside and so is her daddy (Holbrook 12). Notably, the speaker sounds bitter and portrays her revenge towards the mistreatment she receives from male counterparts. Additionally, the beginning of this first stanza sets a remorseful environment that is sustained across the entire poem. While the writer appears to direct her bitterness and regrets towards her daddy, it should be clear that the daddy represents male category in the society that has continued derail freedom to the female counterparts. The entire poem is full of metaphors that include black shoe, like a Nazi, like a Swastika and like a Vampire. The terms are intelligently used to summarize the views of the speaker towards male species. In her world, she finds men barbaric, cruel, just like Nazi, and she describes herself figuratively as a jew (Holbrook 12). Historically, Jews were racial persecuted during the harsh German rule through killing, maiming and racial cleansing. Surprisingly, the speaker plays this victim role and curses her daddy for high-handedness that described her earlier

An Analysis Of Service Operations

An Analysis Of Service Operations Over the last decade, we saw an exponential growth in Lean and Six Sigma approaches. Recently the combination of Lean with Six Sigma as an improvement approach has captured the attentions of academia and industry. Lean Six Sigma was widely used in manufacturing sectors but can also be used in administration and service areas (Snee and Hoerl, 2004). Companies adopting Lean or Six Sigma have reported an increase in financial performance within a short term (Thomas, Barton et al., 2009), cost reduction (Anchanga 2006), improvement in customer satisfaction and cost saving (Sharma 2003). On the other hand, not all the companies that implement a continuous Improvement programme have been able to capture its entire economic benefits (Cusumano 1994; Sharma 2003). The objective of this essay is to demonstrate the power of Lean Six Sigma in the manufacturing and service sectors of business. Two case studies relating to both the business areas are discussed along with the significant benefits a nd drawbacks to its use in such areas. Review of literature As the name suggests, lean Six Sigma is an integration of lean and Six Sigma philosophies, principles and tools (Sheridan, 2000). Lean Six Sigma makes use of the knowledge, methods and tools resulting from decades of operational improvement research and implementation. Goal of Lean Six Sigma is growth and effectiveness and not just cost-cutting efficiency. According to Bendell (2006), the adoption of lean Six Sigma as a process improvement is yet to be fully established in particular area of academic research. Full potential of lean Six Sigma have not been realised (Smith, 2003).This failure is due to the lack of commitment from management (Cusumano, 1994). Lean focuses on reducing cost through process optimization and also on waste elimination in existing processes. Six Sigma is all about stakeholder expectations and meeting customer requirements. It also improves quality by measuring and eliminating defects. Both these approaches are implemented in isolation (Smith, 2003),leading to conflict of interest and draining of resources due to the creation of lean and six sigma subcultures that is emerged within the organization (Bendell, 2006). According to George (2003), Lean and Six Sigma help companies to deliver products and services at a faster pace without defects at minimum cost. Lean manufacturing focus on process flow and waste while Six Sigma focuses on variation and design. The below figure shows the DMAIC framework on which the Six Sigma projects are built. The five phases of DMAIC are Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control. To improve the process speed and efficiency within the project, Lean Methods are used within the DMAIC framework to augment Six Sigma tools. Source: IBM Global Business Services analysis. Six Sigma complements Lean in three different ways (George 2003) by Providing senior management commitment and cultural infrastructure that cannot be generated by Lean initiatives. Having customer at the center of its activity and this is not seen in Lean approach. Reduce variation that cannot be achieved by lean tools and techniques. Lean complements Six Sigma in Four different ways (George 2003) by Non-value added activities are identified. Eliminating the non-value added activities improves and benefits Six Sigma. Process responsiveness and speed is improved. Speed and rapid response is increased with lean tools. Arnheiter and Maleyeff (2005) outlines the benefits when lean and Six Sigma are integrated. Companies use a set of tools that are common to both approaches ie tools like 5 why, Scatter diagram, Histograms, Pareto, Cause and Effect and Poka Yoke (Kumar et al., 2006). Table I shows the key lean implementation steps with the Six Sigma tools that can be used to complete each task. Source: (Pepper and Spedding, 2009). In an organization Six Sigma is implemented only by few specific individuals, whereas lean is used by everyone to identify and eliminate non-value adding activities(Higgins, 2005). Employees have true ownership of the process even at higher-level process analysis stage due to the integration of lean Six Sigma. According to Harrison(2006),Neither lean nor Six Sigma is very effective when implemented in isolation because of their forced needs within the organization. Smith (2003) says that this will result in the creation of two subcultures competing for the same resources. End objective of both the approach is to achieve quality throughout the process. According to Arnheiter and Maleyeff (2005), continuous improvement of process is difficult if the approach is implemented alone. Organizations find it effective if implemented alone but after the initial improvement there is no improvement in the process. In order to avoid this lean approach should combine the use of targeted data to ma ke decisions and also to approach quality in a more scientific way within the system. On the other hand, it is necessary that the Six Sigma adopts a wider system approach, by considering the effects of waste on the system as a whole. These approaches are considered to be ineffective by many people and they feel that the blending of these approaches leads to ineffectiveness and led to some criticism in the literature. Bendell (2006) who has vast experience as both practitioner and as an academician argues that lean Six Sigma for becoming ill-defined philosophies, thus becoming a less effective tool. Bendell feels that it would be beneficial if there is a single approach combining the effectiveness of both the lean and Six Sigma approaches. This emphasizes the fact that consultants have provided a number of consultancy models for lean Six Sigma which is available on the World Wide Web. Methodologies used by these consultants are without any logical explanation and theoretical support or explanation for choosing the techniques. Taking a practitioner view, Spector and West (2006) says that when practitioners adopt lean and Six Sigma involve in many projects that yields insufficient results due to the time required to complete them. According to Mika(2006) both the approaches are not compatible with one another because lean is open to workers and encourages teamwork whereas six sigma is not available to the average worker on the floor. The use of lean tools and techniques identifies important areas that can be leveraged by Six Sigma techniques and also to arrange the information flow to run the system by providing continuous feedback (Pepper and Spedding, 2009). In few literatures, the main concerns when building a new and a complete framework for lean six sigma is that it focuses on process and strategy and that it should strike a balance between complexity and sustainability and finally structured around the type of problem thats encountered and by recognizing the advantages of both these approaches. Findings Lean Six Sigma approach in Healthcare related to service operation and small engineering company of manufacturing sector case is discussed below. Lean Six Sigma in Healthcare(de Koning et al., 2006) Like any other service operation, Healthcare needs to remain cost efficient, competitive and up-to-date. This can be achieved by using Lean Six Sigma in Healthcare sectors. George (2003) describes innovative work on Lean Six Sigma at Stanford Hospital and Clinics. Let us take the case where lean Six Sigma is used by Red Cross Hospital in Netherlands. Worldwide the cost of medical care is increasing at an alarming speed. Unnecessary operational inefficiency leads to increase expenditure in healthcare. In order to improve quality wastefulness has to be measured. Medical service delivery process has led to operational inefficiency. First quality improvement techniques were initiated followed by six Sigma, lean and then lean Six Sigma. In 2002 the Hospital started using Six Sigma and found that this methodology provided solutions to many of the below mentioned problems identified by top management. At times absence of important business case. Absence of Project-tracking system. Failed method for project management and control. Many incomplete projects. Lean Six Sigma projects in healthcare include both the medical as well as the administrative problems. Quality improvement is not only to address defects like medication errors but can be widened to various fields of application. The kind of problems tackled in healthcare are shortening the length of stay in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients Errors related to invoices received from temporary agencies are reduced. Revision of payment terms. Number of patients needing intravenous antibiotics is reduced. Intravenous medications preparation time is shortened. The Red Cross Hospital involvement shows the vital elements of the Lean Six Sigma approach. These are: Organizational infrastructure of Six Sigma applied. Quality improvement deployment focused on each project. Training employees leading to evolving organizational ability for innovation . Selection of projects had a strategic focus. A serious budget cut was imposed on the Red Cross Hospital. This demanded a strict focus on cost reductions while keeping quality on focus. The clinic needs profitability to sustain its operations as the fixed costs cannot control the operations. Lean Six Sigma in a small engineering company (Thomas, 2009) To enhance manufacturing operations, companies use Lean Six Sigma. small engineering company (Thomas, Barton et al. 2009) is a leader in seating systems for automotive and aerospace industries. Manufactured products are supplied to worldwide markets increasing the competition from low cost countries and the need to be responsive to customers led the company to adopt lean. The company preferred to create in-house expertise to process systems development as consultants were ineffective. When the company moved into the high-value markets its profit increased by manufacturing less products, higher quality and the delivery requirements were tight. This lead to the need to use lean Six Sigma to respond effectively to the unpredictable customer demands. The company had the potential to innovate continuously along with the awareness in infrastructure quality and investment. This approach provided the company with a simple structure but an effective one which resulted in the manufacturing operations and product capabilities improvements. Discussion Based on the literature review, the advantages and disadvantages for the above mentioned case studies using Lean Six Sigma is discussed below. Advantages/benefits when introducing lean six sigma Improved Quality When concentrating on the product development and production, the number of defects in the manufactured products is reduced as the problems are identified in the manufacturing process. This results in waste elimination, improving efficiency and increased customer loyalty towards the product. Reduced waste Wastes are eliminated in order to protect the product and the reputation of the organization. Improvement of cash flow Products are made to order thus reducing the inventory and increasing the available cash. Safer working environment Workers and customer safety is considered when using lean Six Sigma within an organization, thus reducing accidents. Customer Expectations Organizations use lean Six Sigma in order to satisfy and to meet the customer demands. Changes a companys culture Manufacturing processes are viewed from different perspectives. Employees at various levels in the process make decisions by relying on data than giving importance to gut feelings. The implementation of lean Six Sigma can be done on a trial and error ie by introducing it within a department before implementing it across the whole organization. Having in-house expertise to process systems development saves cost. The company developed advanced maintenance techniques with fewer breakdowns by using TPM. Products are delivered at the right time. Cycle time is reduced. Complexity in hiring personnel resulting in reduced rework and major cost savings. Starting times of the operation theatre was reduced resulting in further improvement of the process. Maintenance resulted in fewer complained and increase in revenue. Disadvantages/drawbacks when introducing lean Six Sigma Lack of vision affects the LSS implementation. Implement the LSS tools and techniques solely depend on the experts having high skills. Only LSS tools and techniques are used to solve all the problems. Cannot be implemented when timeline expectation is short. Cannot be used when the business is beyond repair. Requires full commitment from top management. Minimum amount of resources is at least required. The effectiveness of few tools and techniques were limited due to the inadequate statistical data. Conclusion It is obvious that the lean thinking and scientific improvement standard of Six Sigma have led to success across industries. When fused together both the approaches become a powerful tool. Lean Six Sigma can be used in all sectors within any industry and does not only relate to manufacturing sector. In this essay we discussed the advantages and disadvantages in using Lean Six Sigma approach. Innovations are necessary in the service delivery process. We also discussed that operational improvement was the main motive for organizations using Lean Six Sigma leading to performance improvements, cost reduction and customer satisfaction. Literature review also highlighted the possible ways of using both the approach. For a company to have employees trained is an added benefit. Using Lean Six Sigma companies should focus on doing better things than just to do things better.

Giving Back To My Community :: Contribution to My Community

My plan after college is to become a Sociologist or a Social Worker. With a college degree in one of these areas, I hope to impact my community in various ways. First, with the knowledge obtained from college, I hope to counsel with young people who are on the verge of going astray. In today's society, there are so many negative factors that influence young people. I want to help them understand the importance of setting goals and striving to become productive citizens. I also want to give them a sense of hope that with perseverance, they can become great role models for other young people. Secondly, I have been a community volunteer worker for several years. Being a community volunteer has helped me to understand that by obtaining a college degree, I can help impact the lives of many homeless individuals. Recently, as a volunteer of United Methodist Metro Ministries, many of the homeless individuals were amazed that I am almost finished with high school and plan to go to college. One man that I had the opportunity of meeting saddened me because he could not even write his own name. I thought about how his life is forever impaired by his inability to read and write. Perhaps that is one reason he is economically poor. My relationships to persons such as this man have inspired me to want to continue my formal education so that I can help people who have somehow seemed to have lost their way. Also, a college degree as a Sociologist or a Social Worker will require me to become engaged in the lives of people, many who are socially, mentally and economically disadvantaged.

Human and Disturbed Young Member Essay

I do so loathe writing essays, especially a descriptive one, but for the grade I’ll just have do it. The topic I chose to write about as you read in the title is myself. To describe how I am and the way I am should prove an easy task. To explain why I am this way is a different story. Furious, despondent and hopeless I have felt, and have endured feelings similar for a rather long period of time. In the end, like it or not this essay will be completed. For starters, emotionally I am not considered a very cheery or content individual. My mood for half of an average day is cantankerous, or rather irritable. The other half is I would say filled with cheerless and heartbreaking misery. On the rare days that I am in high spirits, habitually my short ill temper will devastate my day along with anyone else’s if I am amongst others. I don’t seem to make nor keep friends very well due to my offensive attitude. I am moderately unpleasant to be around and somewhat unkind to those around me. One must realize that to be friends with me is reasonably difficult chore. Next, following my emotions is my state of mind. I regret to announce that the stability of my mentality is delicate and unreliable. Not to indicate that I am mentally ailing or handicapped nevertheless I do not speak of my brain literally for that is a stronger and different matter. I as a person am fragile and feeble although my faà §ade shows to the contrary. Pushed too hard and reluctantly I will not last for too long. I lack determination and willpower when it comes to my mind and aiding in its recuperation. I’d rather lock it all up inside and bury it deep down never to resurface again until it just detonates. Through my neglect, I have fractured my mind and made myself a very disturbed young member of society. Apart from all the consolers and therapists, my family tries to show their love and support. Though it doesn’t help much, I just put on a smile and present them with what they want to see. My brain on the other hand is stronger and more resilient than my mind or will. I once thought of myself as naà ¯ve and unaware of society as a whole growing up in a small town alone. People and their actions or what they said, even how they looked, was mysterious and unknown to me. Un-relatable I thought the human race to be. Moving to the very overpopulated city, I now realize that not only was I not naive, but that I knew more than I cared to know. All the same, all predictable, the only difference is that here I fit in because no one cares to notice. When you live in a town where everyone notices, one feels very inexperienced, childish almost under the watchful eyes of others. Growing up alone, one is obligated to solitude and when you are watching everyone else, observations are what one’s childhood is based on. From just examining a setting or situation, even people, I can analyze it and bring myself to hypothesis that ends up being fairly close to the actual occurrence . Experience wise, I am somewhat an aware young citizen of the community. Living my life has been no easy job although I’m sure the rest of the world feels the same. My skills learned throughout life are quite a handful. Book smarts was one of my highest assets and at one point based my life around it. I grew up with nothing but my books and thought they were everything I need and would ever need. In this world it’s better to fill your head with knowledge, for when all materialistic items have passed your brain still remains. To this day however I play the part of an idiot, truth be told it makes things far less complicated when they think you are an incompetent moron. Another motive behind my opinion that I was naà ¯ve was that I generally did not get along with kids my age. No matter how hard I tried, relating to them was a vast issue. I believed that I was too immature for them to relate to. Only came to discover that I was the one too mature for them. My circle of friends is a very small one and the people it consists of are all over the age of about twenty. For a reason unpronounced to me I get along famously hand in hand with them. Perhaps it is that their maturity is vastly to the contrary of any stubborn adolescent. I couldn’t hold a conversation with a fellow teen for any extended amount of time, even if I genuinely sought to. My motto now is that if they want to talk to me, they will get up and try. If they want to befriend me, they will make the effort. No longer will I strain myself trying to talk to someone who doesn’t give me the time of day nor upset myself when I’m alone again. In the end, along with a descriptive essay in full, I have expressed to thee my thoughts and my opinions. I am a seriously distressed human being with pretty severe mood swings. Incorporate my rigid attitude, weak state of mind, hidden knowledge and the combination is thick with incompatible components. Collaborate my experiences with the fact that I am now a stronger and better person through previous anguish, and I you have a very strong and resilient victim. Being accustom to seclusion was what made me such an awful person. I admit my mental health is perchance unstable and my maturity prohibits me to make teen friends on a substantial level. This is who Elisa Soto has molded into throughout time and I don’t regret to say I absolutely love her!

Meaning of Ceteris Paribus Essay

In economics and finance,  the term is used as shorthand for indicating the effect of one economic variable on another, holding constant all other variables that may affect the second variable One of the disciplines in which ceteris paribus clauses are most widely used is economics, in which they are employed to simplify the formulation and description of economic outcomes. When using ceteris paribus in economics, assume all other variables except those under immediate consideration are held constant, . In effect all extra variables remain unchanged and there are no outside influences on the variables being looked at. The only variables being considered are price and demand. It does not take into account any other things, such as inflation, product improvements, etc. This allows for the explanation, examination and understanding of basic economic rules. This operational description intentionally ignores both known and unknown factors that may also influence the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and thus to assume ceteris paribus is to assume away any interference with the given example. Such factors that would be intentionally ignored include: the relative change in price of substitute goods, (e. g. , the price of beef vs pork or lamb); the level of risk aversion among buyers (e. g. , fear of mad cow disease); and the level of overall demand for a good regardless of its current price level (e. g. a societal shift toward vegetarianism) In this example, the clause is used to operationally describe everything surrounding the relationship between both the price and the quantity demanded of an ordinary good. when  discussing the laws of supply and demand, one could say that  if demand for a given product outweighs supply, ceteris paribus, prices will rise. Here, the use of â€Å"ceteris paribus† is simply sayin g that as long as all other factors that could affect the outcome (such as  the existence of a substitute product) remain constant, prices will increase in this situation. For example as the price of Pepsi cola rises, the quantity demanded of Pepsi cola falls, ceteris paribus. If the price raise of Pepsi-cola and nothing else changes, in other words, people’s preferences stay the same, the recipe for Pepsi-cola stays the same, and so on, then in response to the higher price of Pepsi-cola, people will buy less Pepsi-cola. In a nutshell the term ceteris paribus is used to define the law of demand and supply and it literally means all other things remain constant and nothing else changes.

Malaria essays

Malaria essays Many communicable diseases are prevalent throughout the world today. The most significant tropical parasitic disease is Malaria. Malaria which means, bad air, is an infectious disease caused by single-celled parasites of the genus Plasmodium. There are four species of this parasite that can cause human malaria. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale are the instigators of this infection. Malaria is transmitted from person to person by the bite of female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. The vector of Malaria is the mosquito, since this is the organism that makes it possible for other people to receive it. The life cycle of malaria consists of many developmental stages. When the infected mosquito bites another human, sporozoites in the mosquitos saliva transfer to the blood of the human. They then travel in the blood to the liver, where they divide to form 30,000 to 40,000 merozoites. These merozoites leave the liver and enter the bloodstream where they invade red blood cells. The merozoites multiply rapidly until the red cells burst. The incubation period between the bite of the mosquito varies with the different forms of malaria. With vivax Malaria the incubation period is fourteen days. Falciparum malaria has an incubation period of around eighteen days and the malaria infection has a 6 week incubation period. Prodrome symptoms of Malaria are an increased temperature, and warm flushed skin. Many painful and uncomfortable symptoms occur during the clinical stage. The destruction of the red blood cells caused by the merozoites, leads wastes, toxins, and other debris to enter the blood. The body responds to this by producing fever, which is an immune response. The fever usually occurs in intermittent episodes. Each episode begins with sudden, violent chills, soon followed by an intense fever and then profuse sweating. These episodes can last up to twelve hours....

Dactylic Hexameter

Dactylic Hexameter Dactylic Hexameter is a very important meter in Greek and Latin poetry. It is especially associated with epic poetry, and so is referred to as heroic. The very words dactylic hexameter often stand for epic poetry. Why Dactyl? Dactyl is the Greek for finger. [Note: The Homeric epithet for the goddess Eos (Dawn) is rhododactylos or rosy-fingered.] There are 3 phalanges in a finger and, likewise, there are 3 parts of a dactyl. Presumably, the first phalanx is the longest in the ideal finger, while the others are shorter and about the same length, since long, short, short is the form of the dactyl foot. The phalanges here refer to the syllables; thus, there is a long syllable, followed by two short ones, at least in the basic form. Technically, a short syllable is one mora and a long is two morae in length of time. Since the meter in question is dactylic hexameter, there are 6 sets of the dactyls. The dactylic foot is formed with one long followed by two short syllables. This may be represented with a long mark (for example, the underscore symbol _) followed by two short marks (e.g., U). Put together a dactylic foot can be written as _UU. Since were discussing dactylic hexameter, a line of poetry written in dactylic hexameter could be written like this:_UU_UU_UU_UU_UU_UU. If you count, youll see 6 underscores and 12 Us, making up six feet. However, dactylic hexameter lines can also be composed using substitutions for the dactyls. (Remember: The dactyl, as stated above, is one long and two short or, converted to morae, 4 morae.) A long is two morae, so a dactyl, which is the equivalent of two longs, is four morae long. Thus, the meter known as spondee (represented as two underscores: _ _), which is also the equivalent of 4 morae, can substitute for a dactyl. In this case, there would be two syllables and both would be long, rather than three syllables. In contrast with the other five feet, the last foot of the line of dactylic hexameter is usually not a dactyl. It may be a spondee (_ _) or a shortened spondee, with only 3 morae. In a shortened spondee, there would be two syllables, the first long and the second short (_ U). In addition to the actual form of the line of the dactylic hexameter, there are various conventions about where substitutions are likely and where word and syllable breaks should occur [see caesura and diaresis]. Dactylic hexameter describes Homeric epic meter (Iliad and Odyssey) and that of Vergils (Aeneid). It is also used in shorter poetry. In (Yale U Press, 1988), Sara Mack discusses Ovids 2 meters, dactylic hexameter and elegiac couplets. Ovid uses the dactylic hexameter for his Metamorphoses. Mack describes a metrical foot as like a whole note, the long syllable as like a half note and the short syllables as like quarter notes. This (half note, quarter note, quarter note) seems a very useful description for understanding a dactylic foot.

Introduction to the Middle Paleolithic

Introduction to the Middle Paleolithic The Middle Paleolithic period (ca 200,000 to 45,000 years ago or so) is the period during which Archaic humans including Homo sapiens neanderthalensis appeared and flourished all over the world. Handaxes continued in use, but a new kind of stone tool kit was createdcalled the Mousterian, it included purposefully prepared cores and specialized flake tools. The living method in the Middle Paleolithic for both Homo sapiens and our Neanderthal cousins included scavenging, but there is also clear evidence of hunting and gathering activities. Deliberate human burials, with some evidence (if somewhat controversial) of ritual behavior, are found at a handful of sites such as La Ferrassie and Shanidar Cave. By 55,000 years ago, archaic humans were tending to their elderly, in evidence at sites such as La Chapelle aux Saintes. Some evidence for cannibalism is also found in places such as Krapina and Blombos Cave. Early Modern Humans in South Africa The Middle Paleolithic ends with the gradual disappearance of the Neanderthal and the ascendancy of Homo sapiens sapiens, about 40,000-45,000 years ago. That didnt happen overnight, however. The beginnings of modern human behaviors are mapped out in the Howiesons Poort/Stillbay Industries of southern Africa beginning perhaps as long ago as 77,000 years and leaving Africa along a Southern Dispersal Route. Middle Stone Age and the Aterian A handful of sites seem to suggest that the dates for the change to the Upper Paleolithic are way out of whack. The Aterian, a stone tool industry long thought to have been dated to the Upper Paleolithic, is now recognized as Middle Stone Age, dated perhaps as long ago as 90,000 years ago. One Aterian site showing early Upper Paleolithic-type behavior but dated much earlier is at Grottes des Pigeons in Morocco, where shell beads dated 82,000 years old have been discovered. Another problematic site is Pinnacle Point South Africa, where red ochre use has been documented at ca 165,000 years ago. Only time will tell if these dates continue to be held up. And Neanderthal hung on, too; the latest known Neanderthal site is Gorhams Cave in Gibraltar, about 25,000 years ago. Finally, the debate still is unsettled about the Flores individuals who may represent a separate species, Homo floresiensis, dated to the Middle Paleolithic but extending well into the UP.

Observations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Observations - Essay Example The child has to be observed severally at different settings and the pieces of evidences put together to form one informed conclusion (Wortham, 2008). The different types of observation entail using different media to capture the actions of children for analysis. For example, the person conducting the assessment can use cameras to monitor and capture all the activities of children so that they can be analyzed later. The children can also be observed directly on different occasions and the evidence gathered can be used to assess them. Whichever method of observation used, the abilities, attitudes, interests, characteristics, personality, values and interest of the children can be known. The assessors can be able to know a child better and understand them as unique individuals and not merely as members of a group (Arnold & Doctoroff, 2003). In conclusion, the process of observation does not only entail single sessions. The children have to be observed on many different occasions and in different setting so as to find out the true picture of their abilities, characteristics, personalities, interests, values or any other characteristic that may be under assessment. There are different types of observations that depend on the type of characteristic that is under assessment (Barratt-Pugh & Rohl,

Business extra credit questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business extra credit questions - Essay Example Therefore, the salesperson at Outdoor Outfitters should have been aware that Neal was 12 years old, and as such could not participate in any formal decision-making. The purchaser of the pair of the ski was negligent. Even after being reminded to practice before purchasing his equipment, he proceeded against the salesperson’s advice. If only had he listened to the advice given to him by the seller’s agent, then he would not have suffered those injuries as a result of the accident. Moreover, if he had practiced before purchasing the pair of ski, then he would not have had the accident to begin with. Every retailer has an obligation to ensure that their consumers are protected. Protection involves giving information relating to a product. Additionally, the seller should ensure that the person to whom the products is being sold is in a position to make wise decisions relating to the use of the product. Therefore, every seller has a duty of care to ensure consumer protection. Though the salesperson informed the 12-year-old that he had to practice first before using the pair of ski, he had a duty of ensuring that Neal did not gain access to the equipment. As such, he could have demanded that the child return with an older person with whom he could engage in a contract. However, he did not do this, and he proceeded to sell the pair of the ski to the minor. In every business transaction, there is always an invitation to trade. This involves the seller inviting the potential buyers to come to the table so as to negotiate the sale of a particular instrument. However, this does not entail that the potential buyer has an obligation to purchase the item in question. The buyer usually has two options in this scenario; either, to accept the offer or reject it. In signing a contract, both parties involved should be in their right state of mind. This involves ensuring that the parties meet the age